In this case, a DHCP client that has not yet acquired an IP address cannot communicate directly with the DHCP Server using IP routing, because it does not have a routable IP address, nor does it know the IP address of a router. However, DHCP Servers can also provide IP addresses for multiple subnets. In small networks, where only one IP subnet is being managed, DHCP clients communicate directly with DHCP Servers. DHCP Relay allows a centrally managed DHCP Server on one LAN to allocate IP addresses to a client on another LAN through a routed network. While both versions serve the same purpose, the details of the protocol for IPv4 and IPv6 are sufficiently different that they may be considered separate protocols.ĭHCP Relay extends Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) operation across multiple hops to an outside network. When an assignment is refreshed by the client computer, it initially requests the same parameter values, but may be assigned a new address from the server, based on the assignment policies set by administrators.ĭHCP is used for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), as well as IPv6. A host typically queries for this information immediately after booting, and periodically thereafter before the expiration of the information. On receiving a request, the server may respond with specific information for each client, as previously configured by an administrator, or with a specific address and any other information valid for the entire network, and the time period for which the allocation (lease) is valid. The DHCP server manages a pool of IP addresses and information about client configuration parameters such as default gateway, domain name, the name servers, and time servers. Any DHCP server on the network may service the request. When a computer or other networked device connects to a network, its DHCP client software in the operating system sends a broadcast query requesting necessary information. The protocol operates based on the client-server model. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used by computers for requesting Internet Protocol parameters, such as an IP address from a network server. With DHCP, computers request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically from a DHCP server, reducing the need for a network administrator or a user to configure these settings manually.
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized networking protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP addresses for interfaces and services.
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